เป็นการคำนวณเบื้องต้น

เป็นการคำนวณเบื้องต้น

Results (English) 1:

is a preliminary calculation

Results (English) 2:

Basic calculation

Results (English) 3:

Third, hightechnology firms can more easily control their outputs. Thus, this study adopted output-oriented DEA models to measure and monitor the relative efficiency levels of high-technology firms. Under the original two-stage framework, the efficiency and effectiveness areseparately calculated for each stage of the DEA (linear programming problem) implementation, including [45,47–55]. However, if an inefficient DMU is benchmarked differently in the two stages by independent calculations, it might be confusing to have inconsistent intermediate output targets