IntroductionFisheries and aquacultu

Introduction
Fisheries and aquaculture is a source not just of health but also of wealth for human being.Global fishery production in marine waters was 82.6 million tons in 2011 and 79.7 million tons in 2012 [1]. Japan is one of the major producer countries, with marine capture fisheries production reached 3.7 million tons in 2012 [1]. However, overfishing, illegal fishing, degradation of key specie’s habitats, erratic global fuel prices, and climate change threaten the long–term economic and environmental sustainability of global ocean fisheries [2]. Therefore, it is very important to understand the distribution and change of fisheries with active monitoring. Satellite low–light imaging provides a unique capability to observe vessels using light for fishing at night. These observations show promise for improved understanding of fisheries over time through monitoring fishing vessels positions [3, 4]. This capability was originally described in the 1970’s for data collected by the Operational Linescan System (OLS), flown by the U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) [5, 6]. The NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) archives global low light imaging data produced the DMSP– OLS data, extending back to 1992. In 2011, NASA and NOAA launched the Suomi National Polar Partnership (NPP) satellite carrying the first Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument. The VIIRS collects low light imaging data with major improvements over the OLS’s capabilities, such as higher spatial resolution, lower detection limits, wider dynamic range, and in flight calibration [7]. The nighttime vessel detection capability of the DNB is well established [8–10]. However, none of the studies published to date had any validation data. In this study, we examine the ability of the VIIRS to detect fishing vessel lights for three ecomically important species in Northwest Pacific: Neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii), Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus), and Pacific saury (Cololabis saira). These are among the most important commercially–harvested species in Japan. We validate the VIIRS observed positions and distributions using location data reported by fisherman. The objective of this prototyping is to define methods for a fishing zone information system that could be implemented using data collected every night by VIIRS.

Results (English) 2:

Introduction
Fisheries and Aquaculture is not just a source of wealth for Human Health but also of Being.Global Fishery Production was 82.6 million tons in Marine Waters in 2011 and 79.7 million tons in 2,012th in [1]. Japan is one of the major producer countries, with marine capture fisheries production reached 3.7 million tons in 2012 [1]. However, overfishing, illegal fishing, degradation of key specie's habitats, erratic global fuel prices, and climate change threaten the long-term economic and environmental sustainability of global ocean fisheries [2]. Therefore, it is very important to understand the distribution and change of fisheries with active monitoring. Satellite low-light imaging provides a unique capability to observe vessels using light for fishing at night. These observations show promise for improved understanding of fisheries over time through monitoring fishing vessels positions [3, 4]. This capability was originally described in the 1970's for data collected by the Operational Linescan System (OLS), flown by the US Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) [5, 6]. The NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) archives global low light imaging data produced the DMSP- OLS data, extending back to 1992. In 2011, NASA and NOAA launched the Suomi National Polar Partnership (NPP) satellite carrying the first Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer. Suite (VIIRS) instrument. The VIIRS collects low light imaging data with major improvements over the OLS's capabilities, such as higher spatial resolution, lower detection limits, wider dynamic range, and in flight calibration [7]. The nighttime vessel detection capability of the DNB is well established [8-10]. However, none of the studies published to date had any validation data. In this study, we examine the ability of the VIIRS to detect fishing vessel lights for three ecomically important species in Northwest Pacific: Neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii), Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus), and Pacific saury (Cololabis saira). These are among the most important commercially-harvested species in Japan. We validate the VIIRS observed positions and distributions using location data reported by fisherman. The objective of this prototyping is to define methods for a fishing zone information system that could be implemented using data collected every night by VIIRS.