It is well known that mussels are e

It is well known that mussels are exposed to microplastics but in gestion and potential effects on mussel larvae are not well understood. We quantified ingestion and egestion of 100nm and 2μm polystyrene beads in blue mussel larvae after 4h exposure and 16h depuration using different plastic-to-microalgae ratios. Effects on growth and development of mussel larvae were investigated at 0.42, 28.2 and 282μgL−1 within 15days of exposure. We found that, on a mass basis, larvae ingested a higher amount of 2μm than 100nm beads, while egestion was independent of particle size and the plastics-to-algae ratio. Although particle egestion occurred readily, microplastics remained inside the larvae. Larval growth was not affected but abnormally developed larvae increased after exposure to polystyrene beads. Malformations were more pronounced for 100 nm beads, at higher concentration and after longer exposure time.

Results (English) 1:

It is well known that mussels are exposed to microplastics but in gestion and potential e ff ects on mussel larvae are not well understood. We quanti fi ed ingestion and egestion of 100nm and 2μm polystyrene beads in blue mussel larvae after 4h exposure and 16h depuration using di ff erent plastic-to-microalgae ratios. E ff ects on growth and development of mussel larvae were investigated at 0.42, 28.2 and 282μgL-1 within 15days of exposure. We found that, on a mass basis, larvae ingested a higher amount of 2μm than 100nm beads, while egestion was independent of particle size and the plastics-to-algae ratio. Although particle egestion occurred readily, microplastics remained inside the larvae. Larval growth was not a ff ected but abnormally developed larvae increased after exposure to polystyrene beads. Malformations were more pronounced for 100 nm beads,.

Results (English) 2:

It is well known that mussels are exposed to microplastics but in gestion and potential effects on mussel larvae are not well understood. We quantified ingestion and egestion of 100nm and 2 μm polystyrene beads in blue mussel larvae after 4h exposure and 16h depuration using different plastic-to-microalgae ratios. Effects on growth and development of mussel larvae were investigated at 0.42, 28.2 and 282 μgl − 1 within 15days of exposure. We found that, on a mass basis, larvae ingested a higher amount of 2 μm than 100nm beads, while egestion was independent of particle size and the plastics-to-algae ratio. Although particle egestion occurred readily, microplastics remained inside the larvae. Affected but abnormally developed larvae increased after exposure to polystyrene beads. Malformations were more pronounced for 100 nm beads, at higher concentration and after longer exposure time.

Results (English) 3:

It is well known that elm is exposed to fine particles, but the conductivity and potential conductivity are not Good understanding. We call it 64577 and 100nm and 2 μ PS after 4H exposure to blue musalavae. The growth and development of kiwifruit was purified by different plastic differential spectrophotometry. At 0.42282 and 28mug1 in 15 days of exposure, we found that on a large basis, Ravager proposed a higher When 2 μ m is larger than 100nm, bed is independent of particle size and plastic ratio. Growth in larvae. Larvae is unpredictable, but normal. After contacting polyisoprene, the content of polyisoprene and polyisoprene increased. After a long exposure.